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When now we have to process non-Windows distributions, the lack of a standard format forces Serva to use a still very powerful semi-automatic approach:. The ServaAsset.

All these components are scenario dependent, that’s why Serva is able to parse a set of “environment” variables that help you to create portable ServaAsset. Limitations on the original standard i. Finally it is always the OS who decides which extension is used at reading time. Linux file systems use case-sensitive file names, symbolic links, and other features supported by Rock Ridge but not supported by Joliet. Points 1 and 2 are not very common.

Unfortunately there are some Linux install ISOs today using Rock Ridge longer than 64 char filenames distinctive feature and not using a “relaxed” Joliet extension i. Then serving that kind of distro from Microsoft platforms could lead to problems because of those truncated filename files.

This option when on will additionally try looking for a resource with its name truncated if the resource’s original name was longer than 64 chars and not found on a first try. GZ KB providing missing scripts and libraries. Desktop Live. Ubuntu LTS GZ 10 KB providing customized init script. GZ 97 KB providing customized init script. GZ 95 KB providing customized init script. GZ KB providing additional drivers and a customized init script.

Ubuntu Ubuntu MATE Lubuntu Xubuntu Xubuntu LTS Mint I will endeavour to pay more attention and apply the correct spelling of these words and correct existing instance. Thank you again ReRyRo for taking the time to share your tips with me and raising my awareness.

I am grateful for your contribution. Then, I realized this was a bad idea and I clicked for the download to stop. For some reason, the entire documents file is now no where to be found.

Any ideas where it went or how I can get it back? Any ideas would be hugely appreciated! Got to hate when that happens Jennifer. If the original location no longer exists, the file seems to end up in oblivion.

If you were copying files from an old computer onto a WD MyBook Backup drive and then copied the files to the new computer, your file should still be available on the old computer as well as the WD My Book backup drive. If you were doing a move instead of copy, it might be a lot harder to recover your file. However, if you have been using the drive or your old computer since then, there is little chance that you will be able to recover the file. Only install it on your new computer, not the old one.

I have two 1 TB drives C and E …. But…if I use Documents and look at at the. What might I have done incorrectly 2. Hi LarryC, sounds like a bug in the backup software. As you might have read here, I am not a fan of the backup software included with the WD backup drives. Just to be certain, create a file and save it on your desktop.

Then manually copy the file to either your I: or M: drive but not both without using any backup software. If everything is working properly, the file should only end up on one of the two drives, not both. Next, delete the file from that drive and copy the file from your desktop to the other drive. Again, check both drives. The file should only be on one of the two drives. If this is the case, your drives and drive mappings are working properly so the problem is very likely with the backup software.

Using a different backup application should resolve the problem. If one or both of the above mentioned the test failed, your drive mappings are incorrect more likely or your computer has some serious driver issues less likely.

Hi Michael. I have 2 , 1T external drives that I use for backing up certain files. The older one about 6yrs. I recently bought a 3 T wd external simply to back up both of my other 2 smaller drives. Can I just copy and paste my files onto the new drive. The videos and picture are in different folders ex. Can these files simply be manually copied and pasted to the new back with out installing all the firmware.

Hi Diana, thank you for your great question. The answer is… it depends on how you backed-up the files. Some backup applications just copy the files to your backup drive while others may compress them or even combine the files into huge files. You can usually tell by just looking at the file names. As long as you are just copying the files and not moving them, I would say it is safe to give it a try since your new drive is empty.

In that case, you need just delete the files you just added to the new drive and you will be back to where you started with the two old drives which still have their files.

If you were to move the files to the new drive and something went wrong, you would have no way to go back. One last tip. Hello, My question is, will the backup make more that one copy? Hi Tom, that really depends on the software you are using. Good backup software does have that feature. My first question is can I go into my book and just delete old backups to make more room on my drive or would I have to erase all contents to free up space. I am still using windows xp…yup I know…lol…and finally moving to Windows 7 Ultimate…would there be any issues with OS compatibility.

Also should I disconnect the backup from computer when not in use or just power it down? In general, you should be fine to delete old backups. However, some backup applications keep track of what backups exist for the purpose of offering restore options and prefer that you delete the old backups from within the application.

You might want to keep an eye out for options in your backup software that automatically delete old backups. Some backup programs will take care of that for you, for example, deleting backups that are more than 3 months old or whatever interval you specify. With that said, you might want to consider leaving it plugged in and connected so that automated backups take place.

The drive at least the one I have automatically powers down if it is not connected to a computer. My laptop is running Windows 7, the My Passport shows it is working normally, but I cannot access it to store files.

I want to install GTA V, but lack the space on my laptop and bought this just for this purpose. Any help is appreciated.

This discussion is about the WD My Book drive. This is unusual since the drive usually contains things like the bundled backup software. There could be a few reasons for this. If so, then Windows recognizes that the drive is connected. There are several reasons why this can happen. One could be that there is insufficient power coming from the USB cable, especially if you have other USB drives connected.

If that is your case, both must be plugged in for the drive or unplug all other external drives in order to give the My Passport enough power. More information. Because you would need to apply this fix to every computer you want to plug the drive into. This is the reason I stopped buying My Passport drives in favour of Seagate drives which have never needed a driver fix. They just worked out of the box.

Nothing can be move to the TB. We have no idea what were are doing and we want to move all our stuff to the TB just in case the computer aka the mac could crash. Is there anyway you can help me move our stuff over to the TB? Any helpful advise would be appreciated.

Hi David, in order to try to provide you with helpful advice, you would need to provide some additional information. What do you mean by TB? Are you using a My Book drive? What backup software are you using? What makes you suspect it is not working? What have you tried? I have 2 external hard drives WD My Books one added in and one in I have them both connected to my desktop PC. Can I operate both connected My Books from a single software? Thank you, Guy. Unfortunately I know very little about MACs.

However here are a few things you can try which are not Mac specific but may work for you. Be sure to be ready and have a place to copy your files off the defective drive immediately should the drive does start working.

You never know how long it will last. You could have as little as a minute to get critical files off of it. If recovering the data is critical, take it to a data recovery company expensive.

Then block it causing it to stop spinning all of a sudden. Plug it back in and see if it works. Then quickly reconnect the drive to your computer before it starts to warm up and see if you can access it. If it works, you need to act fast and quickly get the most important files off the drive. You may only have minutes before the drive fails again. If you are very lucky, this may work more than once.

These are well known strategies. For background information on why each of these strategies work, google it. I installed it and that was it. Blank screen, no prompts, no user guide. Can you please tell me where I go from here? I have tried googling this problem and playing with all the settings but I just cannot get it to back up!

Any idea? Will Smartware do that? Thank You. Its been a few years since I used this device looking for some older Pics and files saved from a different computer. When I power up WD My Book, I hear it trying to work but seemly not being successful…reminds me of the sound of a bad hard drive…yikes! Is there a driver that needs to exist on the laptop to get the recognition process going…thought the laptop would see it right away and prompt me to do something.

I tried everything I could think of. Changed the power supply, change dthe USB cable, cracked open the case and put the drive in a completely different case. It just would not be recognized by Windows 10 — or any other version of Windows on my other computers. Then, by random chance, it started working while I had it laying down on its side. I quickly copied not moved as many files as I could off the drive, selectively choosing those files which were most important to me.

After about 4. I am just so grateful for that small window of time. Some things you can try include putting the drive on its side and giving it a spin. While it is spinning, stop it all of a sudden. This little trick may just get your drive spinning again.

After a few hours, take it out and connect it right away to your computer. If it works, copy your most important files off the drive first. It may only last a few seconds to a few minutes until the drive starts to warm up.

My Book has been working fine but now cannot access it or recognised by my computer. Short cut not even taking me there. Have hardly used device? Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Currently you have JavaScript disabled. In order to post comments, please make sure JavaScript and Cookies are enabled, and reload the page. Click here for instructions on how to enable JavaScript in your browser. The articles on this website are not ready for the public.

 

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Date within – Any – 1 day 3 days 1 week 2 weeks 1 month 2 months 6 months 1 year. Acronis True Image Update 1 is available! Thread needs solution. Forum Moderator. Posts: Comments: Build number for PC: A new build for Mac will be available later this month and announced separately.

Update 1 includes the following issue fixes, increased stability and performance improvements: A mobile backup reappears in the backup list after it was removed. Acronis Cloud storage size was not changed in the Acronis Cloud web app, after purchasing additional storage space. Cannot start a backup from the Online Dashboard. Acronis True Image stops responding when changing a file backup source.

Files cannot be recovered if the Overwrite existing files check box is cleared. Each time you start the program, Acronis True Image checks whether a new version of the software is available on the Acronis website. If so, the software provides a link for downloading a setup program of the new version. Here you can also disable the automatic checks for updates.

If all steps above have been executed and the issue still persists, go to the error troubleshooting step. Generally, installation errors can be divided into the following categories:.

If the issue still persists, go to the collect information step and contact Acronis Customer Central. Navigate to Windows Logs and check Application and System sections for error messages related to the installation procedure. Search for solution in Microsoft Support articles. Check the MSI log for known issues.

Collect Process Monitor Log and try to identify what is causing the installation error or problematic behavior. If you cannot find a solution in KB articles and it is an installation over an older Acronis version, use Cleanup Utility in order to remove the previous version.

Create Acronis bootable media and do a system backup before cleaning up to make sure the system can be restored if something goes wrong manually or using the Cleanup Utility. Collect the following information and contact Acronis Customer Central. Alternatively, check that the installation log is included in the system report collected by the AcronisInfo Utility. If the installation freezes, does not continue for a long time or it is not clear what is causing an error, collect Process Monitor log.

Installation can hang. In this case a dump of msiexec. If the installation leads to a complete system crash reboot or BSOD of system lockup, please collect full memory dump as described in Creating Windows Memory Dumps. Collect information with AcronisInfo Utility. Usually issues during installation are caused by a specific sequence of installed versions on your machine.

If possible always provide information about previous versions. Skip to main content. Operating Systems: Windows. Last update: Quick solutions In rare cases you may encounter an issue during the installation of Acronis True Image. Here are quick solutions for known issues: Installation Fails with “MainEngineThread is returning ” Installation Fails with “Some Acronis products must be uninstalled first” Installation Fails with “Access is denied” Installation Fails with “An error occurred during the installation of assembly” “Microsoft.

Troubleshooting Follow step-by-step instructions below to troubleshoot the issue. This ShadowProtect ReadMe covers up to v5. June Fixed a bug where ShadowProtect did not display the correct current state of the Generate Volume Bitmap option. Bitmap file when configuring a backup job. Includes a new agent option to display additional infomation in the log regarding backup Read and Write speeds. This helps in determining and remediating the cause of slow backups.

It also receives notification from ShadowProtect when backups are complete. Now uses consistent naming for backup files created from saving changes to a mounted image file. Includes an option to create encrypted password protected backup files without creating an SPK file.

This allows organizations to turn this function off when they create a new backup job if they do not wish to create and store the password-related SPK file in the same physical location as the backup files. For continuous incremental backup jobs, the user will need to use ImageManager 6. Using ImageManager 6.

Supports direct input of values for incremental backup timing in the Backup Job wizard. Now uses AES as the default encryption method. See Section 3 for a description of fixes in this release. Supports the latest version of VirtualBox–VirtualBox v4. Interim releases since v4. Supports booting Windows 8. Improved localization of dialogs and messages ShadowProtect version 5. ShadowProtect now attempts to automatically deactivate licenses during upgrades.

Previously, users had to manually deactivate licenses when upgrading between major releases. This required multiple reboots. If the deactivation effort fails, ShadowProtect displays a message to perform a manual deactivation. ShadowProtect now supports Polish and Czech languages.

ImageReady runs with any backup chain which includes at least one incremental file created using ShadowProtect 5. Improved detection of Hyper-V environments. Generates localized backup log files. Requires VirtualBox v4. Improved detection of Xen Hypervisor. Enhanced backup to continue an image chain with incrementals after restore. Added a mechanism to enable the Push Silent installer to force a reboot prior to install.

User Guide Information Title. ShadowProtect Release Notes. URL Name. Last Published Date. Follow Following Unfollow.

 
 

Acronis true image 2017 silent install free

 
 
Yes, I have contacted Western Digital.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Jun 12,  · Xpath finder plugin crashed take issue as highest priority and resolve this issue asap. Use a large collection of free cursors or upload your own. Custom Cursor for Chrome™ Replaces default cursor with something cute, funny and trendy. Change the usual mouse pointer to an amazing custom cursor/5(31). 6) Click on the ‘XPath Finder’ icon on the chrome browser, click on any UI element to be located say the first option ‘Volvo’ in the Multi-selection box field and observe that the XPath Expression for the ‘Volvo’ option will be auto-generated and displayed on the page as shown below. Apr 15,  · Download XPath Explorer for free. XPath Explorer (XPE) is a GUI application that lets you interactively experiment with XPath. Given an xpath and URL (to an HTML or XML document), it displays matching nodes and their values. A utility to query xml files using XPath and also extend XPath to more documents than one. Win32 platform/MFC Apache.
 
 

Default folder xpath finder free.Subscribe to RSS

 
These usually take a locator, which can be created by ID, XPATH Code, or Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). Getting the XPATH code can be as easy. If you want to make the whole thing more or less maintenance free, you could use finder = File:: Find:: Rule:: XPath- > new () ; $ finder- > name. These functions and operators are defined for use in [XML Path Language The function fn:default-collation and many string-handling.

 

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Consequently, functions such as fn:string which accept arguments of many different types have a signature that defines a very general argument type, in this case item? Some functions on numeric types include the type xs:numeric in their signature as an argument or result type. In this version of the specification, xs:numeric has been redefined as a built-in union type representing the union of xs:decimal , xs:float , xs:double and thus automatically accepting types derived from these, including xs:integer.

It is possible for two functions to have the same name provided they have different arity number of arguments. For the functions defined in this specification, where two functions have the same name and different arity, they also have closely related behavior, so they are defined in the same section of this document. Each function or group of functions having the same name is defined in this specification using a standard proforma. Abbreviations are used only where there is a strong precedent in other programming languages as with math:sin and math:cos for sine and cosine.

If a function name contains a [XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition] datatype name, it may have intercapitalized spelling and is used in the function name as such. An example is fn:timezone-from-dateTime. The first section in the proforma is a short summary of what the function does. This is intended to be informative rather than normative. Each function is then defined by specifying its signature, which defines the types of the parameters and of the result value.

In this notation, function-name , in bold-face, is the name of the function whose signature is being specified. If the function takes no parameters, then the name is followed by an empty parameter list: ” “; otherwise, the name is followed by a parenthesized list of parameter declarations, in which each declaration specifies the static type of the parameter, in italics, and a descriptive, but non-normative, name.

If there are two or more parameter declarations, they are separated by a comma. The return-type , also in italics, specifies the static type of the value returned by the function. The dynamic type of the value returned by the function is the same as its static type or derived from the static type.

All parameter types and return types are specified using the SequenceType notation defined in Section 2. One function, fn:concat , has a variable number of arguments two or more. More strictly, there is an infinite set of functions having the name fn:concat , with arity ranging from 2 to infinity. For this special case, a single function signature is given, with an ellipsis indicating an indefinite number of arguments.

The next section in the proforma defines the semantics of the function as a set of rules. The order in which the rules appear is significant; they are to be applied in the order in which they are written. Error conditions, however, are generally listed in a separate section that follows the main rules, and take precedence over non-error rules except where otherwise stated.

The principles outlined in Section 2. Where the proforma includes sections headed Notes or Examples , these are non-normative. Rules for passing parameters to operators are described in the relevant sections of [XQuery 3.

For example, the rules for passing parameters to arithmetic operators are described in Section 3. Specifically, rules for parameters of type xs:untypedAtomic and the empty sequence are specified in this section.

As is customary, the parameter type name indicates that the function or operator accepts arguments of that type, or types derived from it, in that position. This is called subtype substitution See Section 2. In addition, numeric type instances and instances of type xs:anyURI can be promoted to produce an argument of the required type.

See Section B. Subtype Substitution : A derived type may substitute for its base type. In particular, xs:integer may be used where xs:decimal is expected. Numeric Type Promotion : xs:decimal may be promoted to xs:float or xs:double. Promotion to xs:double should be done directly, not via xs:float , to avoid loss of precision. Some functions accept a single value or the empty sequence as an argument and some may return a single value or the empty sequence.

This is indicated in the function signature by following the parameter or return type name with a question mark: “? See below. Note that this function signature is different from a signature in which the parameter is omitted. See, for example, the two signatures for fn:string. In the first signature, the parameter is omitted and the argument defaults to the context item, referred to as. In the second signature, the argument must be present but may be the empty sequence, written as.

Some functions accept a sequence of zero or more values as an argument. The sequence may contain zero or more items of the named type. For example, the function below accepts a sequence of xs:double and returns a xs:double or the empty sequence.

As a matter of convention, a number of functions defined in this document take a parameter whose value is a map, defining options controlling the detail of how the function is evaluated. Maps are a new datatype introduced in XPath 3.

For example, the function fn:xml-to-json has an options parameter allowing specification of whether the output is to be indented. A call might be written:. These are referred to as the option parameter conventions. These rules apply only to functions that explicitly refer to them. The value of the relevant argument must be a map.

The entries in the map are referred to as options: the key of the entry is called the option name, and the associated value is the option value. Option names defined in this specification are always strings single xs:string values. Option values may be of any type. Although option names are described above as strings, the actual key may be any value that compares equal to the required string using the eq operator with Unicode codepoint collation; or equivalently, the op:same-key relation.

For example, instances of xs:untypedAtomic or xs:anyURI are equally acceptable. It is not an error if the options map contains options with names other than those described in this specification. Implementations that define additional options in this way should use values of type xs:QName as the option names, using an appropriate namespace. All entries in the options map are optional, and supplying an empty map has the same effect as omitting the relevant argument in the function call, assuming this is permitted.

For each named option, the function specification defines a required type for the option value. The value that is actually supplied in the map is converted to this required type using the function conversion rules XP A type error also occurs if this conversion delivers a coerced function whose invocation fails with a type error.

A dynamic error occurs if the supplied value after conversion is not one of the permitted values for the option in question: the error codes for this error are defined in the specification of each function. It is the responsibility of each function implementation to invoke this conversion; it does not happen automatically as a consequence of the function calling rules.

In cases where an option is list-valued, by convention the value may be supplied either as a sequence or as an array. Accepting a sequence is convenient if the value is generated programmatically using an XPath expression; while accepting an array allows the options to be held in an external file in JSON format, to be read using a call on the fn:json-doc function.

In cases where the value of an option is itself a map, the specification of the particular function must indicate whether or not these rules apply recursively to the contents of that map. The diagrams in this section show how nodes, functions, primitive simple types, and user defined types fit together into a type system. This type system comprises two distinct subsystems that both include the primitive atomic types.

In the diagrams, connecting lines represent relationships between derived types and the types from which they are derived; the arrowheads point toward the type from which they are derived.

The dashed line represents relationships not present in this diagram, but that appear in one of the other diagrams. Dotted lines represent additional relationships that follow an evident pattern.

The information that appears in each diagram is recapitulated in tabular form. The first diagram and its corresponding table illustrate the relationship of various item types. Item types are used to characterize the various types of item that can appear in a sequence nodes, atomic values, and functions , and they are therefore used in declaring the types of variables or the argument types and result types of functions.

Item types in the data model form a directed graph, rather than a hierarchy or lattice: in the relationship defined by the derived-from A, B function, some types are derived from more than one other type.

Examples include functions function xs:string as xs:int is substitutable for function xs:NCName as xs:int and also for function xs:string as xs:decimal , and union types A is substitutable for union A, B and also for union A, C. In XDM, item types include node types, function types, and built-in atomic types. The diagram, which shows only hierarchic relationships, is therefore a simplification of the full model.

In the table, each type whose name is indented is derived from the type whose name appears nearest above it with one less level of indentation. The next diagram and table illustrate the schema type subsystem, in which all types are derived from the distinguished type xs:anyType. Schema types include built-in types defined in the XML Schema specification, and user-defined types defined using mechanisms described in the XML Schema specification.

Schema types define the permitted contents of nodes. The main categories are complex types, which define the permitted content of elements, and simple types, which can be used to constrain the values of both elements and attributes. The final diagram and table show all of the atomic types, including the primitive simple types and the built-in types derived from the primitive simple types.

Atomic types are both item types and schema types, so the root type xs:anyAtomicType may be found in both the previous diagrams. The terminology used to describe the functions and operators on types defined in [XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition] is defined in the body of this specification. The terms defined in this section are used in building those definitions.

The valid characters are defined by their codepoints, and include some whose codepoints have not been assigned by the Unicode consortium to any character. This specification spells “codepoint” as one word; the Unicode specification spells it as “code point”.

Equivalent terms found in other specifications are “character number” or “code position”. Because these terms appear so frequently, they are hyperlinked to the definition only when there is a particular desire to draw the reader’s attention to the definition; the absence of a hyperlink does not mean that the term is being used in some other sense. Unless explicitly stated, the xs:string values returned by the functions in this document are not normalized in the sense of [Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.

Some implementations may represent a codepoint above xFFFF using two bit values known as a surrogate pair. A surrogate pair counts as one character, not two. This document uses the phrase “namespace URI” to identify the concept identified in [Namespaces in XML] as “namespace name”, and the phrase “local name” to identify the concept identified in [Namespaces in XML] as “local part”.

Two expanded QNames are equal if the namespace URIs are the same or both absent and the local names are the same. The prefix plays no part in the comparison, but is used only if the expanded QName needs to be converted back to a string.

The auxiliary verb must , when rendered in small capitals, indicates a precondition for conformance. When the sentence relates to an implementation of a function for example “All implementations must recognize URIs of the form The auxiliary verb may , when rendered in small capitals, indicates optional or discretionary behavior. The statement “An implementation may do X” implies that it is implementation-dependent whether or not it does X.

The auxiliary verb should , when rendered in small capitals, indicates desirable or recommended behavior. The statement “An implementation should do X” implies that it is desirable to do X, but implementations may choose to do otherwise if this is judged appropriate.

Where this specification states that something is implementation-defined or implementation-dependent, it is open to host languages to place further constraints on the behavior. This section is concerned with the question of whether two calls on a function, with the same arguments, may produce different results. For example, two calls to fn:current-dateTime within the same execution scope will return the same result.

The execution scope is defined by the host language that invokes the function library. In XSLT, for example, any two function calls executed during the same transformation are in the same execution scope except that static expressions, such as those used in use-when attributes, are in a separate execution scope.

The following definition explains more precisely what it means for two function calls to return the same result:. Two items are identical if and only if one of the following conditions applies:. Both items are atomic values, of precisely the same type, and the values are equal as defined using the eq operator, using the Unicode codepoint collation when comparing strings.

Both items are function items, neither item is a map or array , and all the following conditions apply:. Either both functions have the same name, or both names are absent DM Both functions have the same function signature.

Two function signatures are defined to be the same if the declared result types are identical and the declared argument types are pairwise identical. Two types S and T are defined to be identical if and only if subtype S, T and subtype T, S both hold, where the subtype relation is defined in Section 2. However, two functions whose signatures differ in this way will probably be deemed non-identical under rule e below, because they are likely to have different effect when invoked with an argument of type xs:untypedAtomic.

Both functions have the same nonlocal variable bindings sometimes called the function’s closure. The processor is able to determine that the implementations of the two functions are equivalent, in the sense that for all possible combinations of arguments, the two functions have the same effect. There is no function or operator defined in the specification that tests whether two function items are identical.

Where the specification requires two function items to be identical, for example in the results of repeated calls of a function whose result is a function, then the processor must ensure that it returns functions that are indistinguishable in their observable effect.

Where the specification defines behavior conditional on two function items being identical, the determination of identity is to some degree implementation-dependent. There are cases where function items are definitely not identical for example if they have different name or arity , but positive determination of identity is possible only using implementation-dependent techniques, for example when both items contain references to the same piece of code representing the function’s implementation.

Some functions produce results that depend not only on their explicit arguments, but also on the static and dynamic context. A function that is context-dependent can be used as a named function reference, can be partially applied, and can be found using fn:function-lookup. The principle in such cases is that the static context used for the function evaluation is taken from the static context of the named function reference, partial function application, or the call on fn:function-lookup ; and the dynamic context for the function evaluation is taken from the dynamic context of the evaluation of the named function reference, partial function application, or the call of fn:function-lookup.

In effect, the static and dynamic part of the context thus act as part of the closure of the function item. The same applies to a number of functions in the op: namespace that manipulate dates and times and that make use of the implicit timezone.

A number of functions including fn:base-uri 0 , fn:data 0 , fn:document-uri 0 , fn:element-with-id 1 , fn:id 1 , fn:idref 1 , fn:lang 1 , fn:last 0 , fn:local-name 0 , fn:name 0 , fn:namespace-uri 0 , fn:normalize-space 0 , fn:number 0 , fn:path 0 , fn:position 0 , fn:root 0 , fn:string 0 , and fn:string-length 0 depend on the focus XP These functions will in general return different results on different calls if the focus is different.

The function fn:default-collation and many string-handling operators and functions depend on the default collation and the in-scope collations, which are both properties of the static context. If a particular call of one of these functions is evaluated twice with the same arguments then it will return the same result each time because the static context, by definition, does not change at run time.

However, two distinct calls that is, two calls on the function appearing in different places in the source code may produce different results even if the explicit arguments are the same.

Functions such as fn:static-base-uri , fn:doc , and fn:collection depend on other aspects of the static context. As with functions that depend on collations, a single call will produce the same results on each call if the explicit arguments are the same, but two calls appearing in different places in the source code may produce different results. The fn:function-lookup function is a special case because it is potentially dependent on everything in the static and dynamic context.

This is because the static and dynamic context of the call to fn:function-lookup are used as the static and dynamic context of the function that fn:function-lookup returns.

Exceptions include the following:. In such cases two calls with the same arguments are not guaranteed to produce the results in the same order. These functions are said to be nondeterministic with respect to ordering. Some functions such as fn:analyze-string , fn:parse-xml , fn:parse-xml-fragment , and fn:json-to-xml construct a tree of nodes to represent their results.

There is no guarantee that repeated calls with the same arguments will return the same identical node in the sense of the is operator. However, if non-identical nodes are returned, their content will be the same in the sense of the fn:deep-equal function. Such a function is said to be non-deterministic with respect to node identity. Some functions such as fn:doc and fn:collection create new nodes by reading external documents.

Some of these accessors are exposed to the user through the functions described below. Each of these functions has an arity-zero signature which is equivalent to the arity-one form, with the context item supplied as the implicit first argument. In addition, each of the arity-one functions accepts an empty sequence as the argument, in which case it generally delivers an empty sequence as the result: the exception is fn:string , which delivers a zero-length string.

If the argument is omitted, it defaults to the context item. The behavior of the function if the argument is omitted is exactly the same as if the context item had been passed as the argument. For element and attribute nodes, the name of the node is returned as an xs:QName , retaining the prefix, namespace URI, and local part. For a namespace node, the function returns an empty sequence if the node represents the default namespace; otherwise it returns an xs:QName in which prefix and namespace URI are absent DM31 and the local part is the namespace prefix being bound.

That is, calling fn:string is equivalent to calling fn:string. Every node has a string value, even an element with element-only content which has no typed value. Moreover, casting an atomic value to a string always succeeds. Functions, maps, and arrays have no string value, so these are the only arguments that satisfy the type signature but cause failure. Returns the result of atomizing a sequence. This process flattens arrays, and replaces nodes by their typed values.

If the item is a node, the typed value of the node is appended to the result sequence. If the item is an array, the result of applying fn:data to each member of the array, in order, is appended to the result sequence. The process of applying the fn:data function to a sequence is referred to as atomization.

In many cases an explicit call on fn:data is not required, because atomization is invoked implicitly when a node or sequence of nodes is supplied in a context where an atomic value or sequence of atomic values is required. The zero-argument version of the function returns the base URI of the context node: it is equivalent to calling fn:base-uri. In this document, as well as in [XQuery 3. Raising an error is equivalent to calling the fn:error function defined in this section with the provided error code.

Except where otherwise specified, errors defined in this specification are dynamic errors. Some errors, however, are classified as type errors. Type errors are typically used where the presence of the error can be inferred from knowledge of the type of the actual arguments to a function, for example with a call such as fn:string fn:abs 1. Host languages may allow type errors to be reported statically if they are discovered during static analysis. When function specifications indicate that an error is to be raised, the notation “[ error code ]”.

It is this xs:QName that is actually passed as an argument to the fn:error function. Calling this function raises an error. For a more detailed treatment of error handing, see Section 2. The fn:error function is a general function that may be called as above but may also be called from [XQuery 3.

This function never returns a value. Instead it always raises an error. The effect of the error is identical to the effect of dynamic errors raised implicitly, for example when an incorrect argument is supplied to a function. The parameters to the fn:error function supply information that is associated with the error condition and that is made available to a caller that asks for information about the error.

It is an xs:QName ; the namespace URI conventionally identifies the component, subsystem, or authority responsible for defining the meaning of the error code, while the local part identifies the specific error condition. The namespace URI part of the error code should therefore not include a fragment identifier. This function always raises a dynamic error. By default, it raises [ err:FOER ]. The type “none” is a special type defined in [XQuery 1. It indicates that the function never returns and ensures that it has the correct static type.

Any QName may be used as an error code; there are no reserved names or namespaces. The error is always classified as a dynamic error, even if the error code used is one that is normally used for static errors or type errors. The expression fn:error raises error FOER Sometimes there is a need to output trace information unrelated to a specific value. Consider a situation in which a user wants to investigate the actual value passed to a function.

The operators described in this section are defined on the following atomic types. Each type whose name is indented is derived from the type whose name appears nearest above with one less level of indentation. The type xs:numeric is defined as a union type whose member types are in order xs:double , xs:float , and xs:decimal. This type is implicitly imported into the static context, so it can also be used in defining the signature of user-written functions.

Apart from the fact that it is implicitly imported, it behaves exactly like a user-defined type with the same definition. This means, for example:. If the expected type of a function parameter is given as xs:numeric , the actual value supplied can be an instance of any of these three types, or any type derived from these three by restriction this includes the built-in type xs:integer , which is derived from xs:decimal.

If the expected type of a function parameter is given as xs:numeric , and the actual value supplied is xs:untypedAtomic or a node whose atomized value is xs:untypedAtomic , then it will be cast to the union type xs:numeric using the rules in Because the lexical space of xs:double subsumes the lexical space of the other member types, and xs:double is listed first, the effect is that if the untyped atomic value is in the lexical space of xs:double , it will be converted to an xs:double , and if not, a dynamic error occurs.

When the return type of a function is given as xs:numeric , the actual value returned will be an instance of one of the three member types and perhaps also of types derived from these by restriction. The rules for the particular function will specify how the type of the result depends on the values supplied as arguments.

In many cases, for the functions in this specification, the result is defined to be the same type as the first argument. This specification uses [IEEE ] arithmetic for xs:float and xs:double values. One consequence of this is that some operations result in the value NaN not-a number , which has the unusual property that it is not equal to itself. Another consequence is that some operations return the value negative zero.

The text accompanying several functions defines behavior for both positive and negative zero inputs and outputs in the interest of alignment with [IEEE ]. A conformant implementation must respect these semantics. In consequence, the expression As a concession to implementations that rely on implementations of XSD 1. XML Schema 1.

The following functions define the semantics of arithmetic operators defined in [XQuery 3. The parameters and return types for the above operators are in most cases declared to be of type xs:numeric , which permits the basic numeric types: xs:integer , xs:decimal , xs:float and xs:double , and types derived from them. In general the two-argument functions require that both arguments are of the same primitive type, and they return a value of this same type.

The exceptions are op:numeric-divide , which returns an xs:decimal if called with two xs:integer operands, and op:numeric-integer-divide which always returns an xs:integer. If the two operands of an arithmetic expression are not of the same type, subtype substitution and numeric type promotion are used to obtain two operands of the same type. Section B. The result type of operations depends on their argument datatypes and is defined in the following table:.

These rules define any operation on any pair of arithmetic types. Consider the following example:. For this operation, xs:int must be converted to xs:double. This can be done, since by the rules above: xs:int can be substituted for xs:integer , xs:integer can be substituted for xs:decimal , xs:decimal can be promoted to xs:double. As far as possible, the promotions should be done in a single step.

Specifically, when an xs:decimal is promoted to an xs:double , it should not be converted to an xs:float and then to xs:double , as this risks loss of precision. As another example, a user may define height as a derived type of xs:integer with a minimum value of 20 and a maximum value of They may then derive fenceHeight using an enumeration to restrict the permitted set of values to, say, 36, 48 and The basic rules for addition, subtraction, and multiplication of ordinary numbers are not set out in this specification; they are taken as given.

In the case of xs:double and xs:float the rules are as defined in [IEEE ]. The rules for handling division and modulus operations, as well as the rules for handling special values such as infinity and NaN , and exception conditions such as overflow and underflow, are described more explicitly since they are not necessarily obvious.

On overflow and underflow situations during arithmetic operations conforming implementations must behave as follows:. For xs:float and xs:double operations, overflow behavior must be conformant with [IEEE ]. This specification allows the following options:. Raising a dynamic error [ err:FOAR ] via an overflow trap. For xs:float and xs:double operations, underflow behavior must be conformant with [IEEE ].

Raising a dynamic error [ err:FOAR ] via an underflow trap. Returning 0. For xs:decimal operations, overflow behavior must raise a dynamic error [ err:FOAR ]. On underflow, 0. For xs:integer operations, implementations that support limited-precision integer operations must select from the following options:. They may choose to always raise a dynamic error [ err:FOAR ]. See [ISO ]. The functions op:numeric-add , op:numeric-subtract , op:numeric-multiply , op:numeric-divide , op:numeric-integer-divide and op:numeric-mod are each defined for pairs of numeric operands, each of which has the same type: xs:integer , xs:decimal , xs:float , or xs:double.

The functions op:numeric-unary-plus and op:numeric-unary-minus are defined for a single operand whose type is one of those same numeric types. For xs:float and xs:double arguments, if either argument is NaN , the result is NaN. Then for addition, subtraction, and multiplication operations, the returned result should be accurate to N digits of precision, and for division and modulus operations, the returned result should be accurate to at least M digits of precision.

This Recommendation does not specify whether xs:decimal operations are fixed point or floating point. In an implementation using floating point it is possible for very simple operations to require more digits of precision than are available; for example adding 1e to 1e requires digits of precision for an accurate representation of the result.

The IEEE divideByZero exception is raised not only by a direct attempt to divide by zero, but also by operations such as log 0. The IEEE invalidOperation exception is raised by attempts to call a function with an argument that is outside the function’s domain for example, sqrt -1 or log Although IEEE defines these as exceptions, it also defines “default non-stop exception handling” in which the operation returns a defined result, typically positive or negative infinity, or NaN.

With this function library, these IEEE exceptions do not cause a dynamic error at the application level; rather they result in the relevant function or operator returning the defined non-error result. These two values are not distinguishable in the XDM model: the value spaces of xs:float and xs:double each include only a single NaN value.

Defines the semantics of the “-” operator when applied to two numeric values. For xs:float or xs:double values, if one of the operands is a zero or a finite number and the other is INF or -INF , an infinity of the appropriate sign is returned.

For xs:float or xs:double values, if one of the operands is a zero and the other is an infinity, NaN is returned. If one of the operands is a non-zero number and the other is an infinity, an infinity with the appropriate sign is returned.

Defines the semantics of the “div” operator when applied to two numeric values. A dynamic error is raised [ err:FOAR ] for xs:decimal and xs:integer operands, if the divisor is positive or negative zero. For xs:float and xs:double operands, floating point division is performed as specified in [IEEE ]. A positive number divided by positive zero returns INF.

A negative number divided by positive zero returns -INF. Positive or negative zero divided by positive or negative zero returns NaN. Defines the semantics of the “idiv” operator when applied to two numeric values. A dynamic error is raised [ err:FOAR ] if the divisor is positive or negative zero. Defines the semantics of the “mod” operator when applied to two numeric values.

This identity holds even in the special case that the dividend is the negative integer of largest possible magnitude for its type and the divisor is -1 the remainder is 0. It follows from this rule that the sign of the result is the sign of the dividend. For xs:float and xs:double operands the following rules apply:.

If the dividend is positive or negative infinity, or the divisor is positive or negative zero 0 , or both, the result is NaN. If the dividend is finite and the divisor is an infinity, the result equals the dividend. If the dividend is positive or negative zero and the divisor is finite, the result is the same as the dividend. Division is truncating division, analogous to integer division, not [IEEE ] rounding division i. Defines the semantics of the unary “-” operator when applied to a numeric value.

For xs:integer and xs:decimal arguments, 0 and 0. For xs:float and xs:double arguments, NaN returns NaN , 0. This specification defines the following comparison operators on numeric values.

Comparisons take two arguments of the same type. If the arguments are of different types, one argument is promoted to the type of the other as described above in 4. Each comparison operator returns a boolean value. If either, or both, operands are NaN , false is returned. Defines the semantics of the “eq” operator when applied to two numeric values, and is also used in defining the semantics of “ne”, “le” and “ge”. General rules: see 4. For xs:float and xs:double values, positive zero and negative zero compare equal.

NaN does not equal itself. Defines the semantics of the “lt” operator when applied to two numeric values, and is also used in defining the semantics of “le”. For xs:float and xs:double values, positive infinity is greater than all other non- NaN values; negative infinity is less than all other non- NaN values.

Defines the semantics of the “gt” operator when applied to two numeric values, and is also used in defining the semantics of “ge”. The following functions are defined on numeric types. Each function returns a value of the same type as the type of its argument. For xs:float and xs:double arguments, if the argument is “NaN”, “NaN” is returned. Except for fn:abs , for xs:float and xs:double arguments, if the argument is positive or negative infinity, positive or negative infinity is returned.

The result may also be an instance of a type derived from one of these four by restriction. For xs:float and xs:double arguments, if the argument is positive zero or negative zero, then positive zero is returned. If the argument is positive or negative infinity, positive infinity is returned. For xs:float and xs:double arguments, if the argument is positive zero, then positive zero is returned. If the argument is negative zero, then negative zero is returned.

If the argument is less than zero and greater than -1, negative zero is returned. Rounds a value to a specified number of decimal places, rounding upwards if two such values are equally near. For other values, the argument is cast to xs:decimal using an implementation of xs:decimal that imposes no limits on the number of digits that can be represented. The function is applied to this xs:decimal value, and the resulting xs:decimal is cast back to xs:float or xs:double as appropriate to form the function result.

For arguments of type xs:float and xs:double the results may be counter-intuitive. For example, consider round The result is not This is because the xs:double written as The expression fn:round Not the possible alternative, Rounds a value to a specified number of decimal places, rounding to make the last digit even if two such values are equally near.

If two such values are equally near e. If the argument is NaN , positive or negative zero, or positive or negative infinity, then the result is the same as the argument. In all other cases, the argument is cast to xs:decimal using an implementation of xs:decimal that imposes no limits on the number of digits that can be represented.

If the resulting xs:decimal value is zero, then positive or negative zero is returned according to the sign of the original argument. This function is typically used in financial applications where the argument is of type xs:decimal.

For example, consider round-half-to-even xs:float This is because the conversion of the xs:float value represented by the literal The expression fn:round-half-to-even 3. It is possible to convert strings to values of type xs:integer , xs:float , xs:decimal , or xs:double using the constructor functions described in 18 Constructor functions or using cast expressions as described in 19 Casting. In addition the fn:number function is available to convert strings to values of type xs:double.

It differs from the xs:double constructor function in that any value outside the lexical space of the xs:double datatype is converted to the xs:double value NaN. Calling the zero-argument version of the function is defined to give the same result as calling the single-argument version with the context item. That is, fn:number is equivalent to fn:number. If the conversion to xs:double fails, the xs:double value NaN is returned.

As a consequence of the rules given above, a type error occurs if the context item cannot be atomized, or if the result of atomizing the context item is a sequence containing more than one atomic value. XSD 1. Generally fn:number returns NaN rather than raising a dynamic error if the argument cannot be converted to xs:double.

However, a type error is raised in the usual way if the supplied argument cannot be atomized or if the result of atomization does not match the required argument type. Assume that the context item is the xs:string value ” 15 “. Then fn:number returns 1. Formats an integer according to a given picture string, using the conventions of a given natural language if specified. It depends on default language. The rules that follow describe how non-negative numbers are output. The primary format token is always present and must not be zero-length.

If the string contains one or more semicolons then everything that precedes the last semicolon is taken as the primary format token and everything that follows is taken as the format modifier; if the string contains no semicolon then the entire picture is taken as the primary format token, and the format modifier is taken to be absent which is equivalent to supplying a zero-length string.

A decimal-digit-pattern made up of optional-digit-signs , mandatory-digit-signs , and grouping-separator-signs. All mandatory-digit-signs within the format token must be from the same digit family, where a digit family is a sequence of ten consecutive characters in Unicode category Nd , having digit values 0 through 9. Within the format token, these digits are interchangeable: a three-digit number may thus be indicated equivalently by , , or If it contains a digit but does not match this pattern, a dynamic error is raised [ err:FODF ].

If a semicolon is to be used as a grouping separator, then the primary format token as a whole must be followed by another semicolon, to ensure that the grouping separator is not mistaken as a separator between the primary format token and the format modifier.

There must be at least one mandatory-digit-sign. There may be zero or more optional-digit-signs , and if present these must precede all mandatory-digit-signs. There may be zero or more grouping-separator-signs. A grouping-separator-sign must not appear at the start or end of the decimal-digit-pattern , nor adjacent to another grouping-separator-sign. The corresponding output format is a decimal number, using this digit family, with at least as many digits as there are mandatory-digit-signs in the format token.

Thus, a format token 1 generates the sequence 0 1 The position of grouping separators within the format token, counting backwards from the last digit, indicates the position of grouping separators to appear within the formatted number, and the character used as the grouping-separator-sign within the format token indicates the character to be used as the corresponding grouping separator in the formatted number.

More specifically, the position of a grouping separator is the number of optional-digit-signs and mandatory-digit-signs appearing between the grouping separator and the right-hand end of the primary format token.

Every positive integer multiple of G that is less than the number of optional-digit-signs and mandatory-digit-signs in the primary format token is the position of a grouping separator. The grouping separator template is a possibly infinite set of position, character pairs.

Otherwise when grouping separators are not regular , the grouping separator template contains one pair of the form P, C for every grouping separator found in the primary formatting token, where C is the grouping separator character and P is its position.

If there are no grouping separators, then the grouping separator template is an empty set. Let S 1 be the result of formatting the supplied number in decimal notation as if by casting it to xs:string. Let S 2 be the result of padding S 1 on the left with as many leading zeroes as are needed to ensure that it contains at least as many digits as the number of mandatory-digit-signs in the primary format token.

Let S 3 be the result of replacing all decimal digits in S 2 with the corresponding digits from the selected digit family. Let S 4 be the result of inserting grouping separators into S 3 : for every position P , character C pair in the grouping separator template where P is less than the number of digits in S 3 , insert character C into S 3 at position P , counting from the right-hand end.

Let S 5 be the result of converting S 4 into ordinal form, if an ordinal modifier is present, as described below. The format token A , which generates the sequence A B C The format token a , which generates the sequence a b c The format token i , which generates the sequence i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x The format token w , which generates numbers written as lower-case words, for example in English, one two three four The format token Ww , which generates numbers written as title-case words, for example in English, One Two Three Four Any other format token, which indicates a numbering sequence in which that token represents the number 1 one but see the note below.

If an implementation does not support a numbering sequence represented by the given token, it must use a format token of 1. In some traditional numbering sequences additional signs are added to denote that the letters should be interpreted as numbers; these are not included in the format token.

For the numbering sequences described above any upper bound imposed by the implementation must not be less than one thousand and any lower bound must not be greater than 1. Numbers that fall outside this range must be formatted using the format token 1. The above expansions of numbering sequences for format tokens such as a and i are indicative but not prescriptive. There are various conventions in use for how alphabetic sequences continue when the alphabet is exhausted, and differing conventions for how roman numerals are written for example, IV versus IIII as the representation of the number 4.

Sometimes alphabetic sequences are used that omit letters such as i and o. This specification does not prescribe the detail of any sequence other than those sequences consisting entirely of decimal digits. Many numbering sequences are language-sensitive. This applies especially to the sequence selected by the tokens w , W and Ww. It also applies to other sequences, for example different languages using the Cyrillic alphabet use different sequences of characters, each starting with the letter x Cyrillic capital letter A.

If the argument is specified, the value should be either an empty sequence or a value that would be valid for the xml:lang attribute see [Extensible Markup Language XML 1. Note that this permits the identification of sublanguages based on country codes from ISO as well as identification of dialects and regions within a country.

That is, if it is present it must consist of one or more of the following, in order:. If the o modifier is present, this indicates a request to output ordinal numbers rather than cardinal numbers. For example, in English, when used with the format token 1 , this outputs the sequence 1st 2nd 3rd 4th The string of characters between the parentheses, if present, is used to select between other possible variations of cardinal or ordinal numbering sequences. No error occurs if the implementation does not define any interpretation for the defined string.

If ordinal numbering is not supported for the combination of the format token, the language, and the string appearing in parentheses, the request is ignored and cardinal numbers are generated instead. The use of the a or t modifier disambiguates between numbering sequences that use letters. In many languages there are two commonly used numbering sequences that use letters.

One numbering sequence assigns numeric values to letters in alphabetic sequence, and the other assigns numeric values to each letter in some other manner traditional in that language. In English, these would correspond to the numbering sequences specified by the format tokens a and i.

In some languages, the first member of each sequence is the same, and so the format token alone would be ambiguous. A dynamic error is raised [ err:FODF ] if the format token is invalid, that is, if it violates any mandatory rules indicated by an emphasized must or required keyword in the above rules.

For example, the error is raised if the primary format token contains a digit but does not match the required regular expression. Note the careful distinction between conditions that are errors and conditions where fallback occurs.

The principle is that an error in the syntax of the format picture will be reported by all processors, while a construct that is recognized by some implementations but not others will never result in an error, but will instead cause a fallback representation of the integer to be used. If grouping-separator-signs appear at regular intervals within the format token, then the sequence is extrapolated to the left, so grouping separators will be used in the formatted number at every multiple of N.

For example, if the format token is 0′ then the number one million will be formatted as 1” , while the number fifteen will be formatted as 0′ The only purpose of optional-digit-signs is to mark the position of grouping-separator-signs. For example, if the format token is ‘ 0 then the number one million will be formatted as 1” , while the number fifteen will be formatted as A grouping separator is included in the formatted number only if there is a digit to its left, which will only be the case if either a the number is large enough to require that digit, or b the number of mandatory-digit-signs in the format token requires insignificant leading zeros to be present.

Grouping separators are not designed for effects such as formatting a US telephone number as In general they are not suitable for such purposes because a only single characters are allowed, and b they cannot appear at the beginning or end of the number. Numbers will never be truncated. Given the decimal-digit-pattern 01 , the number three hundred will be output as , despite the absence of any optional-digit-sign.

In some languages, the form of numbers especially ordinal numbers varies depending on the grammatical context: they may have different genders and may decline with the noun that they qualify. In such cases the string appearing in parentheses after the letter c or o may be used to indicate the variation of the cardinal or ordinal number required.

The way in which the variation is indicated will depend on the conventions of the language. For inflected languages that vary the ending of the word, the approach recommended in the previous version of this specification was to indicate the required ending, preceded by a hyphen: for example in German, appropriate values might be o -e , o -er , o -es , o -en. This function can be used to format any numeric quantity, including an integer.

For integers, however, the fn:format-integer function offers additional possibilities. Decimal formats are defined in the static context, and the way they are defined is therefore outside the scope of this specification. The static context provides a set of decimal formats. One of the decimal formats is unnamed, the others if any are identified by a QName. Each decimal format provides a set of named properties, described in the following table:. A phrase such as “The minus-sign XP31 character” is to be read as “the character assigned to the minus-sign XP31 property in the relevant decimal format within the static context”.

Returns a string containing a number formatted according to a given picture string, taking account of decimal formats specified in the static context.

It depends on decimal formats, and namespaces. The effect of the two-argument form of the function is equivalent to calling the three-argument form with an empty sequence as the value of the third argument. The syntax of the picture string is described in 4. Note that if an xs:decimal is supplied, it is not automatically promoted to an xs:double , as such promotion can involve a loss of precision.

A lexical QName, which is expanded using the statically known namespaces. The default namespace is not used no prefix means no namespace. The evaluation of the fn:format-number function takes place in two phases, an analysis phase described in 4. The formatting phase takes as its inputs the number to be formatted and the variables produced by the analysis phase, and produces as its output a string containing a formatted representation of the number. The result of the function is the formatted string representation of the supplied number.

If the processor is able to detect the error statically for example, when the argument is supplied as a string literal , then the processor may optionally signal this as a static error. A string is an ordered sequence of characters, and this specification uses terms such as “left” and “right”, “preceding” and “following” in relation to this ordering, irrespective of the position of the characters when visually rendered on some output medium.

Both in the picture string and in the result string, digits with higher significance that is, representing higher powers of ten always precede digits with lower significance, even when the rendered text flow is from right to left. The following examples assume a default decimal format in which the chosen digits are the ASCII digits , the decimal separator is “. The expression format-number The following examples assume that the exponent separator is in decimal format ‘fortran’ is ‘E’:.

The expression format-number 0. This differs from the format-number function previously defined in XSLT 2. The digits will all be from the same decimal digit family, specifically, the sequence of ten consecutive digits starting with the digit assigned to the zero-digit property. This change is to align format-number which previously used ” with format-dateTime which used ”. Note that in these rules the words “preceded” and “followed” refer to characters anywhere in the string, they are not to be read as “immediately preceded” and “immediately followed”.

A picture-string consists either of a sub-picture, or of two sub-pictures separated by the pattern-separator XP31 character. A picture-string must not contain more than one instance of the pattern-separator XP31 character. If the picture-string contains two sub-pictures, the first is used for positive and unsigned zero values and the second for negative values.

A sub-picture must not contain more than one instance of the decimal-separator XP31 character. A sub-picture must not contain more than one instance of the percent XP31 or per-mille XP31 characters, and it must not contain one of each. A sub-picture must not contain a passive character that is preceded by an active character and that is followed by another active character.

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